Building Science concepts through real experiences.
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem. The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The xylem, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected…
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust, and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement.…
In botany, a stoma/stomata is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening.…
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. Mass flow of liquid water…
Soap molecules consist of a hydrophilic (“water-loving”) end and a hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) end. Water molecules are polar molecules that can dissolve other polar molecules. Fat (and oil) molecules are nonpolar molecules, so they cannot dissolve in water. Milk is a mixture of water, fat, vitamins and minerals. When soap is…
Let’s make our own Glider Plane! A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines…
Air is a matter of substance, and hence it contains weight and other assets like density and pressure. Generally, the air surrounding us or objects does not show any pressure because it surrounds with equal pressure. In this science activity, we will observe that air shows its pressure when the…
A cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body or similar space. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals. On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of…
Air is a mixture of many gases. The molecules of gases present in air have weak inter-molecular forces of attraction. Due to this reason these molecules lie far apart from each other i.e. there are large vacant spaces present between these molecules. So, these molecules are free to move in any direction.…
Non–metal oxides are inorganic chemical compounds formed by oxygen atoms with atoms of nonmetallic elements . Among these chemical elements are Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Halogens. As they are considered to be derivatives of the oxyacids, but with a less water molecule, they are also called anhydrides . Non-Metal Oxides are the covalent oxides of non metals…
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be transformed, by a connecting rod and crank, into rotational force for work. The term “steam engine” is generally applied only to reciprocating engines as just described, not…
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. Sublimation is an endothermic process that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance’s triple point in its phase diagram, which corresponds to the lowest pressure at which the…
Germination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling. It is also the process of reactivation of metabolic machinery of the seed resulting in the emergence of radicle and plumule. The seed of a vascular plant is a small package produced in a fruit or cone after…
Elephant toothpaste is a foamy substance caused by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using potassium iodide or yeast and warm water as a catalyst. How rapidly the reaction proceeds will depend on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Because it requires only a small number of ingredients and makes a…
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state,without passing through the liquid state. Sublimation is an endothermic process that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance’s triple point in its phase diagram, which corresponds to the lowest pressure at which the substance can exist as a liquid. The reverse process of sublimation…
Permutation and combination are the ways to represent a group of objects by selecting them in a set and forming subsets. It defines the various ways to arrange a certain group of data. When we select the data or objects from a certain group, it is said to be permutations, whereas…
The human body is like an engine. And just like every engine, it needs fuel, in the form of food. We get the energy needed to sustain ourselves through food. Hence, Food and Nutrition play a major role in our lives and let’s get to know them better. There are…
Why do we respire? Before we understand respiration, let’s do a few experiments. You might be aware of the fact, that candle stops burning when we light it and cover it with a glass jar. In other words, when we stop the flow of air. You can also think…
We use these all the time and yet, we never see them. Electricity & Magnetism are 2 powerful forces that we are addicted to. Fans, ACs, LEDs, Computers, Phones, Earphones, Induction Heaters…the list goes on and on. Can you imagine a world where this all was not available to humans?…
Can you imagine a world where nothing ever changes? No one moves. Nothing even stirs. Like a dead, stationary planet. As soon as there is any motion or any sort of action, some force kicks in. Or, to put it the other way, every force in nature results into some…