Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.

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The xylem, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plants. The system transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. It is also used to replace water lost during transpiration and photosynthesis. Xylem sap consists mainly of water and inorganic ions, although it can also contain a number of organic chemicals as well.

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The term is usually used collectively to refer to the entire stomatal complex, consisting of the paired guard cells and the pore itself, which is referred to as the stomatal aperture. Air, containing oxygen, which is used in respiration, and carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis, passes through stomata by gaseous diffusion. Water vapour diffuses through the stomata into the atmosphere in a process called transpiration.

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Mass flow of liquid water from the roots to the leaves is driven in part by capillary action, but primarily driven by water potential differences. If the water potential in the ambient air is lower than the water potential in the leaf airspace of the stomatal pore, water vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere.

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Seed germination depends on both internal and external conditions. The most important external factors include right temperature, water, oxygen or air and sometimes light or darkness. Various plants require different variables for successful seed germination. Often this depends on the individual seed variety and is closely linked to the ecological conditions of a plant’s natural habitat. For some seeds, their future germination response is affected by environmental conditions during seed formation; most often these responses are types of seed dormancy.

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” If not thousands, there are hundreds of poisonous plants in the world, some of which can turn out to be deadly. “

Looking around, we see plants almost every day. While they may look harmless, they can contain some of the most deadliest poison known to mankind. Some of these plants have been the reason for human death throughout history. While we cannot completely eliminate these plants from our lives, we can do our best to take precautions and know which one may or may not be harmful.

These plants, if undigested or touched, can result in fatal.  Let us help you familiarise yourself with a list of the most common, dangerous, and deadliest plants that you need to avoid any kind of contact from.

Water Hemlock

This plant has been given the title of the “Most Violently Toxic Plant.”  The plant is from the carrot family and is often confused with celery.  The poisonous chemical is present in the root of the plant and is called Cicutoxin. Once in contact or indigestion – nausea, abdominal cramps, death, painful convulsions are its common symptoms. There is a rare chance of surviving but, if you do, amnesia and lasting terrors are its lifelong side effects.

Oleander

Even though this is widely used as a decorative element, it is one of the most deadliest shrubs. Its leaves, flowers and fruits contain a chemical called Cardiac Glycosides. You can suffer from Cardiac Arrest once in contact with the same. Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, seizures are its few symptoms. In fact, people who have consumed honey from bees that obtain pollen from this plant have often fallen ill with fatal after effects.

White Snakeroot

The plant is a herb and looks like a cluster of white flowers. Humans usually come in contact and are poisoned when they consume milk or meat from livestock that have eaten this plant. In fact, Snakeroot also bought with itself a sickness in the 19th century that was known as the “Milk Sickness”. The plant contains Trematol which is a toxic alcohol. Cramps, nausea, weakness, red tongue and blood acidity are some of the common symptoms.

Angels Trumpet 

The name of the plant represents its large, hanging, trumpet-shaped flowers. If we go deeper into how the plant got its name, scientists think about how fatal the plant can be and how anyone who consumes it meets angels in their afterlife. While its symptoms and side effects vary from person to person, the plant is doomed to be fatal. It contains high levels of Scopolamine and Atropine which is deadly, no matter how many amounts you consume or touch it.

The Suicide Tree

This plant is also known as the Perfect Murder Weapon! When served in food, the taste of the plant can vanish with certain spices and so it makes it very easy to disguise others. The chemical this plant contains is known as Cerberin. A major symptom includes irregular heartbeat and can lead to death if consumed in high quantities.

Castor Oil Plant

The plant currently holds a place in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most poisonous plant.  A lethal dose of the seeds that can lead to death is between the range of 4-6 seeds. These seeds contain a chemical called Ricin. Burning sensations, acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea are experienced within 36 hours of consumption and can lead to death within 3-5 days.

Tobacco

This is without a doubt the most widely consumed plant all over the world.  All parts of the plant, mostly the leaves contain toxic chemicals that can be fatal if consumed. It can not only be addictive, but is also designated as the heart toxin. The plant contains Nicotine and Anabasine, resulting in approximately 5 million deaths every year. We call this the most lethal plant all around the world.

Before concluding, it is important for you to know that all these plants produce natural poison and there is not much you can do except avoid contact. Once you are well aware of the most deadliest plants around you, it is important to make sure that you are aware enough to identify them and make sure no kind of contact is made.

We hope this piece of information will help you stay safe and smart in the future!

At ExperiHub, we teach Science and Mathematics by bringing concepts from the real world into the classroom. We conduct science experiments and have myriad science projects for better learning and understanding of concepts. If you want to learn more about Experiential Learning and cool home experiments, browse through our Online Sessions and Youtube Channel!

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This is my ABSOLUTE favourite science experiment of all time (oh yes, I promise it is THAT GOOD!)

When asked by my daughter at age 3 (7 years ago!), “Why do leaves change colour?” I had no answer.

I looked it up, found it too complicated for a 3 year old, but explained the best I could and let it be.

I was in Teacher’s College at the time, and wouldn’t you know a few weeks later we learned about (and did) a science experiment for kids about leaves changing colour.  It made things so much clearer that I immediately did the experiment with Madeline.

Please keep in mind this is my (limited) understanding having done the experiment and some research in that class. I’d love to share it with you.  So ….

WHY DO LEAVES CHANGE COLOUR?

Leaves contain Chlorophyll.  Chlorophyll makes the leaves green and is so dominant that it covers up all the other colours in the leaves. To figure out what colour a leaf would be without the dominant chlorophyll colour, we can separate the colours by doing this science experiment.

This experiment is very simple and you likely already have everything you need:

MATERIALS:

3 leaves (from the same tree)

Rubbing Alcohol

Jar

Plastic baggie (or plastic wrap)

Paper Coffee Filter

Small bowl or pan

STEPS:

1.  Have your child break the leaves into tiny pieces and put in the jar

2.  pour rubbing alcohol over the leaves until they are just covered

3.  mash and stir the leaves into the rubbing alcohol until the alcohol turns slightly green.  Really give it a good mashing – this is key.

4.  cover the jar with the baggie or plastic wrap and place the jar in a small bowl and pour hot water into the bowl.

5.  leave (ha!) the jar in the water for 30 minutes, swishing the jar occasionally to stir the leaves a bit.  The alcohol should be a very dark green (leave longer if needed).  If you can resist, wait even 45 minutes or an hour.

6.  Cut a strip in the coffee filter so the strip can reach the rubbing alcohol.  Place it in the jar like this:

(We just cut a strip off the coffee filter and taped it to the edge of the jar)

7.  The liquid will travel up the coffee filter and the colours will separate as the alcohol evaporates off the coffee filter.  Let this happen for about an hour for the full effect.  The leaves we used turn to a beautiful yellow in autumn

SO … WHY DO LEAVES CHANGE COLOUR?

In this science experiment we used the rubbing alcohol and energy (hot water) to separate the colours.  You likely saw green, and depending on your leaf type, maybe red, yellow, or orange.  As we know, Chlorophyll gives leaves their green colour and is so dominant it hides the other colours in the leaves.  But in the fall, chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down allowing the other colours to finally shine through and show their beautiful reds, yellows, and oranges.

I hope your kids will love this experiment as much as mine.  Science is naturally so hands on and relevant to kids real worlds.  Even if your wee one is very wee it may be worth giving this one a go.  I did it with my Sam and we spaced out the wait time with his rest time.  Even though he did not grasp everything I know he learned a lot!

Article by Sarah

Source : https://www.howweelearn.com/super-cool-walking-water/